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Japanese Conjunctions List

Japanese Conjunctions List

No. Japanese Romaji Grammar Meaning Level
1 あるいは aruiwa or; either; maybe; perhaps; possibly ~ N2
2 ばいい ba ii should; can; it’d be good if ~ N3
3 ばこそ ba koso only because ~ N1
4 ばそれまでだ / たらそれまでだ ba sore made da / tara sore made da if… then it’s over N1
5 べく beku in order to; for the purpose of ~ N1
6 べくして beku shite as it is bound to (happen); following the natural course N1
7 ちなみに chinamini by the way; in this connection; incidentally; (conjunction) N2
8 だけど dakedo but; however; although; regarding ~ N3
9 だって datte because; but; after all; even; too N2
10 であれ / であろうと de are / de arou to whoever; whatever; however; even ~ N1
11 であれ～であれ de are~de are whether [A] or [B] N1
12 でも demo but; however; though ~ N5
13 が ga subject marker; however; but ~ N5
14 一方で【いっぽうで】 ippou de on one hand, on the other hand; although ~ N2
15 いずれにしても / いずれにしろ / いずれにせよ izure ni shitemo / izure ni shiro / izure ni seyo anyhow; anyway; either way; in any case ~ N1
16 じゃあ jaa then; well; so; well then N5
17 かと思いきや【かとおもいきや】 ka to omoikiya contrary to expectations; or so we thought, but ~ N1
18 かと思ったら【かとおもったら】 ka to omottara just when; no sooner than ~ N2
19 か～か ka~ka or N5
20 甲斐もなく【かいもなく】 kai mo naku despite; even though ~ N1
21 から kara because; since; from N5
22 かたがた katagata while; at the same time; incidentally; for the purpose of ~ N1
23 代わりに【かわりに】 kawari ni instead of; as a substitute for​; in exchange for; in return for N3
24 けど kedo but; however; although ~ N5
25 けれども keredo mo but; however; although ~ N5
26 これから korekara after this N4
27 こそあれ koso are although; even though ~ N1
28 こそすれ koso sure and; although; but ~ N1
29 こそ「～が・けれど」 koso~ga/keredo but; although (emphasis) N1
30 こととて koto tote because; since ~ N1
31 ことは～が koto wa~ga although; but ~ N3
32 くせに kuse ni and yet; though; in spite of; despite ~ N3
33 くせして kuse shite although; despite the fact that; even though ~ N2
34 または matawa both; or; otherwise​; choice between [A] or [B] N4
35 も～ば～も mo~ba~mo and; also; as well; either/or; neither/nor N3
36 ものだから mono dakara so; therefore; the reason for something N2
37 もので mono de because; for that reason N1
38 もしくは moshikuwa or; otherwise N1
39 もしも〜たら moshimo~tara if; in the case; supposing ~ N3
40 もっとも motto mo but then; although; though ~ N2
41 ながらに / ながらの nagara ni / nagara no while; during; without change; performed in this condition N1
42 なお nao still; yet​; furthermore; in addition ~ N2
43 なら nara if; in the case that ~ N4
44 ならいざしらず / はいざしらず nara iza shirazu / wa iza shirazu I don’t know about … but; it may be possible for … but ~ N1
45 なぜなら nazenara because; the reason is; if you want to know why N3
46 にあって ni atte at; on; during; in the condition of​ ~ N1
47 に至っても【にいたっても】 ni itattemo even if; even though; although something reached the point ~ N1
48 に限らず【にかぎらず】 ni kagirazu not just; not only… but also ~ N2
49 にしたところで / としたところで ni shita tokoro de / to shita tokoro de even if; even supposing that ~ N1
50 につれて ni tsurete as; in proportion to; with; as… then ~ N3
51 にも関わらず【にもかかわらず】 nimo kakawarazu despite; in spite of; nevertheless; although ~ N2
52 ので node because of; given that; since ~ N5
53 のに noni although, in spite of, even though ~ N4
54 おまけに omake ni to make matters worse; besides; what’s more; in addition; on top of that​ N2
55 及び【および】 oyobi and; as well as ~ N2
56 さあ saa well… N5
57 さらに sara ni furthermore; again; more and more ~ N3
58 さて sate conjunction: well; now; then ~ N3
59 し shi and; and what’s more ~ (emphasis) N4
60 しかも shikamo moreover; furthermore; and yet; what’s more ~ N2
61 しかし shikashi but; however ~ N5
62 そのために sono tame ni hence; for that reason; because of ~ N3
63 その上【そのうえ】 sono ue besides; in addition; furthermore ~ N2
64 それで sore de because of that N4
65 それでも sore demo but still; and yet; even so ~ N4
66 それから sore kara and; and then; after that; since then N5
67 それなのに sore na noni and yet; despite this; but even so ~ N2
68 それなら sore nara if that’s the case; if so ~ N2
69 それに sore ni besides; in addition; also; moreover ~ N4
70 それとも soretomo or; or else ~ N3
71 そして soshite and; and then; thus; and now ~ N5
72 すなわち sunawachi in other words; namely ~ N3
73 たところで ta tokoro de even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how) N1
74 ために tame ni for; in order to; for the benefit of; because of; as a result of ~ N3
75 たら tara if; after; when ~ N4
76 たらどう tara dou why don’t you; how about ~ (used to give advice) N4
77 たらいいですか tara ii desu ka what should I do?; speaker seeking instructions from listener N4
78 たら最後 / たが最後【たらさいご / たがさいご】 tara saigo / taga saigo if you do… negative result N1
79 たら～たで tara~tade if / in the case… of course / should ~ N1
80 たら～ところだ tara~tokoro da if… (counterfactual condition), then would be ~ N1
81 例えば【たとえば】 tatoeba for example; for instance ~ N3
82 て / で te / de conjunctive particle; so; because of [A], [B]… N4
83 てでも te demo even if I have to; by all means ~ N2
84 と to whenever [A] happens, [B] also happens N4
85 と to and; with; as; connecting particle N5
86 とあれば to areba if it is the case that; if ~ N1
87 とあって to atte due to the fact that; because of ~ N1
88 と同時に【とどうじに】 to douji ni at the same time as; while; simultaneously ~ N2
89 といえども to ie domo even if; even though; despite ~ N1
90 といい / たらいい to ii / tara ii it would be nice if; should; I hope ~ N3
91 といった to itta like; such as ~ N2
92 といっても to ittemo although I say; although one might say ~ N3
93 と言ってもいい【といってもいい】 to ittemo ii you could say; one might say; I’d say ~ N4
94 というか～というか to iu ka~to iu ka or rather; or perhaps I should say; I mean ~ N1
95 というのは to iu nowa this means; the meaning of … is; because; that is to say ~ N3
96 と言うと【というと】 to iu to speaking of; when you talk of; when you say ~ N3
97 ときている to kiteiru because of ~ N1
98 となると / となれば to naru to / to nareba when it comes to; in such a case; if that happens N1
99 とすれば・としたら・とすると to sureba / to shitara / to suru to in the case of~; assuming~; if A then B N3
100 とか（で） toka (de) I heard that ~ N2
101 とか～とか toka~toka among other things; such as; like ~ N4
102 ところで tokoro de by the way ~ N3
103 ところが tokoro ga even so; however; even though ~ N3
104 ところを tokoro o although (it is a certain time/condition); even though normally N1
105 とはいえ towa ie though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless N1
106 つ～つ tsu~tsu and ~ (indicates two contrasting actions) N1
107 上は【うえは】 ue wa now that; since; as long as ~ N2
108 はどうであれ wa dou de are however; whatever​ ~ N1
109 はさておき wa sateoki setting aside ~ N1
110 は〜が… は wa~ga… wa [A] but [B]; however; comparison N4
111 や ya and; or; connecting particle N5
112 ゆえに yue ni therefore; consequently​; because of; due to ~ N1
113 ずとも zu tomo even without doing; even without being​ ~ N1

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Conjunctions in Japanese for Reading Comprehension JLPT

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