300 Basic Words in Japanese
Japanese Vocabulary: 300 Words Every Japanese Beginner

First Verbs
| No. | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | 居る | いる | iru | be / exist (living things) |
| 2 | ある | aru | there is / exist (non-living) | |
| 3 | 持つ | もつ | motsu | have |
| 4 | する | suru | do | |
| 5 | 行く | いく | iku | go |
| 6 | 欲しい | ほしい | hoshii | want (adj) |
| 7 | できる | dekiru | can | |
| 8 | 要る | いる | iru | need |
| 9 | 思う | おもう | omou | think |
| 10 | 知る | しる | shiru | know |
| 11 | 言う | いう | iu | say |
| 12 | 好き | すき | suki | like (adj) |
| 13 | 話す | はなす | hanasu | speak |
| 14 | 習う | ならう | narau | learn |
| 15 | 分かる | わかる | wakaru | understand |
Conjunctions
These are really hard to translate!
1. that (as in “I think that…” or “the woman that…”) expressed using 〜と思います とおもいます or maybe the passive tense ‘(The books that are written in English are over there.’ etc.)
2. and と
3. or か
4. but でも・けど
5. because から
6. though でも
7. so (meaning “therefore”; e.g. “I wanted it, so I bought it”) から
8. if なら
Prepositions
1. の : of
2. に : to
3. から : from
4. なか : in
5. で : at (a place)
6. に : at (a time)
7. と : with
8. くらい : about
9. like (meaning “similar to”) みたい
10. for (warning, this one has several meanings that you need to take care of) ため (for the purpose of~) ・につき (for/ per e.g. ~yen for one hour)・particles の, に and で are commonly used to cover many other uses of for, but need to be checked on a case by cases basis.
11. 〜の前に (〜のまえに) : before (also as a conjunction)
12. 〜の後で (〜のあとで) : after (also as a conjunction)
13. 中 (ちゅう) : during
Question Words
| No. | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | 誰 | だれ | dare | who |
| 2 | 何 | なに | nani | what |
| 3 | どこ | doko | where | |
| 4 | いつ | itsu | when | |
| 5 | なぜ | naze | why | |
| 6 | どう | dou | how | |
| 7 | いくら/いくつ | ikura / ikutsu | how much | |
| 8 | どちら | dochira | which |
Adverbs
| No. | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | 多い | おおい | ooi | a lot / many |
| 2 | 少し | すこし | sukoshi | a little / a few |
| 3 | 上手 | じょうず | jouzu | well / skillful |
| 4 | 下手 | へた | heta | badly / unskillful |
| 5 | だけ | dake | only | |
| 6 | 又 | また | mata | also / again |
| 7 | とても | totemo | very | |
| 8 | 過ぎる | すぎる | sugiru | too (excess) |
| 9 | 過ぎる | すぎる | sugiru | too much |
| 10 | そんなに | sonnani | so (degree) | |
| 11 | そんなに | sonnani | so much | |
| 12 | 一番最悪 | いちばんさいあく | ichiban saiaku | worst |
| 13 | 今 | いま | ima | now |
| 14 | その時 | そのとき | sono toki | then / at that time |
| 15 | ここ | koko | here | |
| 16 | あそこ | asoko | there | |
| 17 | 多分 | たぶん | tabun | maybe / probably |
| 18 | いつも | itsumo | always | |
| 19 | 大抵 | たいてい | taitei | usually |
| 20 | よく | yoku | often | |
| 21 | 時々 | ときどき | tokidoki | sometimes |
| 22 | 全然 | ぜんぜん | zenzen | not at all (with neg.) |
| 23 | 今日 | きょう | kyou | today |
| 24 | 昨日 | きのう | kinou | yesterday |
| 25 | 明日 | あした | ashita | tomorrow |
| 26 | もうすぐ | mou sugu | soon | |
| 27 | ほとんど | hotondo | almost | |
| 28 | もう | mou | already | |
| 29 | まだ | mada | still / yet | |
| 30 | それでも | soredemo | even / even though | |
| 31 | 足りる | たりる | tariru | enough |
| 32 | 最も | もっとも | mottomo | most |
| 33 | 最低 | さいてい | saitei | least |
34. more (know how to say “more … than …”) Grammatical comparative construction AのほうがBより is used when A is the thing that is more
35. less (know how to say “less … than …”) Grammatical comparative construction AのほうがBより is used when B is the thing that is less
36. as … as … (e.g. “as tall as”) You can use 〜のような grammar to express this, ほど can also be used
37. better Grammatical comparative construction AのほうがBより is used
38. 一番いい (いちばんいい) : best
39. worse Grammatical comparative construction AのほうがBより is used
Adjectives
| No. | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | この | kono | this | |
| 2 | あの | ano | that | |
| 3 | 良い | よい | yoi / ii | good |
| 4 | 悪い | わるい | warui | bad |
| 5 | 全部 | ぜんぶ | zenbu | all |
| 6 | 幾つか | いくつか | ikutsuka | some |
| 7 | 何にも | なんにも | nan ni mo | no / none |
| 8 | 何でも | なんでも | nan de mo | any |
| 9 | たくさん | takusan | many | |
| 10 | 少ない | すくない | sukunai | few |
| 11 | 一番〜 | いちばん〜 | ichiban | most |
| 12 | 別 | べつ | betsu | other |
| 13 | 同じ | おなじ | onaji | same |
| 14 | 違う | ちがう | chigau | different |
| 15 | 足りる | たりる | tariru | enough |
| 16 | 少し | すこし | sukoshi | a few / a little |
| 17 | 一番 | いちばん | ichiban | first |
| 18 | 次 | つぎ | tsugi | next |
| 19 | 先 | せん | sen | last (past) |
| 20 | 最後の | さいごの | saigo no | last (final) |
| 21 | 簡単 | かんたん | kantan | easy |
| 22 | 難しい | むずかしい | muzukashii | hard |
| 23 | 早い | はやい | hayai | early |
| 24 | 遅い | おそい | osoi | late |
| 25 | 大事 | だいじ | daiji | important |
| 26 | 面白い | おもしろい | omoshiroi | interesting |
| 27 | 楽しい | たのしい | tanoshii | fun |
| 28 | 退屈 | たいくつ | taikutsu | boring |
| 29 | 美しい | うつくしい | utsukushii | beautiful |
| 30 | 大きい | おおきい | ookii | big |
| 31 | 小さい | ちいさい | chiisai | small |
| 32 | 嬉しい | うれしい | ureshii | happy |
| 33 | 悲しい | かなしい | kanashii | sad |
| 34 | 忙しい | いそがしい | isogashii | busy |
| 35 | わくわくする / ワクワクする | wakuwaku suru | excited | |
| 36 | 疲れる | つかれる | tsukareru | tired |
| 37 | 準備 | じゅんび | junbi | preparation |
| 38 | 大好き | だいすき | daisuki | favorite / like a lot |
| 39 | 新しい | あたらしい | atarashii | new |
| 40 | 正しい | ただしい | tadashii | right (correct) |
| 41 | 間違える | まちがえる | machigaeru | to make a mistake |
| 42 | 真の〜 | しんの〜 | shin no | TRUE |
Pronouns
Know them in the subject (“I”), direct object (“me”), indirect object (“to me”), and possessive (“my”) forms.
| No. | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | 私 | わたし | watashi | I |
| 2 | あなた | anata | you | |
| 3 | 彼女 | かのじょ | kanojo | she |
| 4 | 彼 | かれ | kare | he |
| 5 | それ | sore | it / that | |
| 6 | 私達 | わたしたち | watashitachi | we |
| 7 | あなたたち | anatatachi | you (plural) | |
| 8 | 彼ら | かれら | karera | they |
Nouns
If your language has grammatical gender, then learn each noun as “the [noun]” with “the” in the correct gender. (e.g. in Spanish, instead of learning language = “idioma”, learn language = “el idioma”.) This will help you remember the gender.
| No. | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | 全て | すべて | subete | everything |
| 2 | 何か | なにか | nanika | something |
| 3 | 何にも | なにも | nanimo | nothing |
| 4 | みんな | みんな | minna | everyone |
| 5 | 誰か | だれか | dareka | someone |
| 6 | 誰も | だれも | daremo | no one |
| 7 | 日本語 | にほんご | nihongo | Japanese (language) |
| 8 | 英語 | えいご | eigo | English |
| 9 | 物 | もの | mono | thing |
| 10 | 人 | ひと | hito | person |
| 11 | 所 | ところ | tokoro | place |
| 12 | 時間 | じかん | jikan | time (duration) |
| 13 | 回 | かい | kai | time (frequency / “3 times”) |
| 14 | 友達 | ともだち | tomodachi | friend |
| 15 | 女の人 | おんなのひと | onna no hito | woman |
| 16 | 男の人 | おとこのひと | otoko no hito | man |
| 17 | お金 | おかね | okane | money |
| 18 | 日本 | にほん | nihon | Japan (country) |
| 19 | イギリス | イギリス | igirisu | U.K. / Britain |
| 20 | 市 | し | shi | city |
| 21 | 言葉 | ことば | kotoba | language / speech / word |
| 22 | 単語 | たんご | tango | word (vocabulary item) |
| 23 | 食べ物 | たべもの | tabemono | food |
| 24 | 家 | いえ | ie | house |
| 25 | 店 | みせ | mise | store / shop |
| 26 | 事務所 | じむしょ | jimusho | office |
| 27 | 会社 | かいしゃ | kaisha | company |
| 28 | 主事 | しゅじ | shuji | manager (note: hierarchical nuance) |
| 29 | 同僚 | どうりょう | douryou | coworker |
| 30 | 仕事 | しごと | shigoto | job |
| 31 | 仕事 | しごと | shigoto | work / tasks |
| 32 | 問題 | もんだい | mondai | problem |
| 33 | 質問 | しつもん | shitsumon | question |
| 34 | 考え | かんがえ | kangae | idea / thought |
| 35 | 人生 | じんせい | jinsei | life |
| 36 | 世界 | せかい | sekai | world |
| 37 | 日 | ひ | hi | day |
| 38 | 年 | ねん | nen | year |
| 39 | 週 | しゅう | shuu | week |
| 40 | 月 | つき | tsuki | month |
| 41 | 時 | じ | ji | hour / time-of-day marker |
Regarding forms of address and family (sensitive to honorifics and hierarchy)
| No. | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | 母 | はは | haha | my mother |
| 2 | お母さん | おかあさん | okaasan | your (or someone else’s) mother / polite |
| 3 | 父 | ちち | chichi | my father |
| 4 | お父さん | おとうさん | otousan | your (or someone else’s) father |
| 5 | 両親 | りょうしん | ryoushin | parents |
| 6 | 娘 | むすめ | musume | daughter (my) |
| 7 | 息子 | むすこ | musuko | son (my) |
| 8 | 子供 | こども | kodomo | child / children |
| 9 | 妻 | つま | tsuma | my wife |
| 10 | 奥さん | おくさん | okusan | your (or someone else’s) wife |
| 11 | 夫 | おっと | otto | my husband |
| 12 | ご主人 | ごしゅじん | goshujin | your (or someone else’s) husband |
| 13 | 彼女 | かのじょ | kanojo | girlfriend / she |
| 14 | 彼氏 | かれし | kareshi | boyfriend / he |
More Verbs
| No. | Kanji | Hiragana/Katakana | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | 働く | はたらく | hataraku | work (as a person) |
| 2 | 動く | うごく | ugoku | work / function (machines, systems) |
| 3 | 見る | みる | miru | see, look, watch |
| 4 | 使う | つかう | tsukau | use |
| 5 | べき | べき | beki | should |
| 6 | 信じる | しんじる | shinjiru | believe |
| 7 | 練習する | れんしゅうする | renshū suru | practice |
| 8 | みたい | mitai | seem, look like | |
| 9 | 来る | くる | kuru | come |
| 10 | 出る | でる | deru | leave, go out |
| 11 | 帰る | かえる | kaeru | return, go back |
| 12 | 上げる | あげる | ageru | give |
| 13 | 取る | とる | toru | take |
| 14 | 持って来る | もってくる | motte kuru | bring |
| 15 | 探す | さがす | sagasu | look for |
| 16 | 見つける | みつける | mitsukeru | find |
| 17 | もらう | morau | get, receive | |
| 18 | もらう / くれる | morau / kureru | receive (giving/receiving verbs) | |
| 19 | 買う | かう | kau | buy |
| 20 | ~てみる | ~te miru | try doing ~ | |
| 21 | 始める | はじめる | hajimeru | start |
| 22 | 止める | やめる | yameru | stop (doing something) |
| 23 | 終わる | おわる | owaru | finish, end |
| 24 | 続く | つづく | tsuzuku | continue |
| 25 | 起きる | おきる | okiru | wake up |
| 26 | 起きる | おきる | okiru | get up |
| 27 | 食べる | たべる | taberu | eat |
| 28 | 朝ごはんを食べる | あさごはんをたべる | asagohan o taberu | eat breakfast |
| 29 | 昼ごはんを食べる | ひるごはんをたべる | hirugohan o taberu | eat lunch |
| 30 | 晩御飯を食べる | ばんごはんをたべる | bangohan o taberu | eat dinner |
| 31 | 起こる | おこる | okoru | happen |
| 32 | 感じる | かんじる | kanjiru | feel |
| 33 | 作る | つくる | tsukuru | make, create |
| 34 | 会う | あう | au | meet (for the first time) |
| 35 | ぶつかる | butsukaru | bump into, meet by chance | |
| 36 | 会う | あう | au | meet (planned meeting) |
| 37 | 聞く | きく | kiku | ask (a question) |
| 38 | 頼む | たのむ | tanomu | ask for, request |
| 39 | 返事する | へんじする | henji suru | reply, respond |
| 40 | 意味 | いみ | imi | meaning (noun) |
| 41 | 読む | よむ | yomu | read |
| 42 | 書く | かく | kaku | write |
| 43 | 聞く | きく | kiku | listen |
| 44 | 聞く | きく | kiku | hear |
| 45 | 覚える | おぼえる | oboeru | remember |
| 46 | 忘れる | わすれる | wasureru | forget |
| 47 | 選ぶ | えらぶ | erabu | choose |
| 48 | 決める | きめる | kimeru | decide |
| 49 | 生まれる | うまれる | umareru | be born |
| 50 | 死ぬ | しぬ | shinu | die |
| 51 | 殺す | ころす | korosu | kill |
| 52 | 生きる | いきる | ikiru | live, exist |
| 53 | 住む | すむ | sumu | live, reside |
| 54 | 泊まる | とまる | tomaru | stay (overnight) |
| 55 | 変わる | かわる | kawaru | change |
| 56 | 助ける | たすける | tasukeru | help |
| 57 | 送る | おくる | okuru | send |
| 58 | 勉強する | べんきょうする | benkyō suru | study |
| 59 | 磨く | みがく | migaku | polish, improve |
| 60 | 希望する | きぼうする | kibō suru | hope |
| 61 | 世話する | せわする | sewa suru | take care of |
Phrases
| No. | Japanese | Romaji | Meaning |
| 1 | こんにちは | konnichiwa | hello |
| 2 | じゃあまたね / さよなら | jā mata ne / sayōnara | goodbye |
| 3 | ありがとう | arigatō | thank you |
| 4 | どういたしまして | dō itashimashite | you’re welcome |
| 5 | すみません | sumimasen | excuse me (to get attention) |
| 6 | ごめんなさい | gomen nasai | sorry |
| 7 | とんでもないです | tondemonai desu | it’s fine / don’t mention it |
| 8 | おねがいします / ください | onegai shimasu / kudasai | please |
| 9 | はい | hai | yes |
| 10 | いいえ | iie | no |
| 11 | 大丈夫です | daijōbu desu | okay / it’s alright |
12. 私の名前は〜です。 / わたしのなまえは〜です。 : My name is
13. お名前は?/ おなまえは? : What’s your name?
14. 初めまして (はじめまして) : Nice to meet you. (said before anything else in an introduction)
15. お元気ですか?/ おげんきですか? : How are you?
16. 私は元気です、あなたは?/ わたしはげんきです、あなたは?: I’m doing well, how about you?
17. Sorry? / What? (if you didn’t hear something) すみません?(use a rising intonation to indicate this is a question)
18. How do you say ______? 〜は日本語で何と言いますか? 〜はにほんごでなんといいますか?
19. What does ______ mean? 〜はどういう意味ですか? 〜はどういういみですか?
20. I don’t understand. 分かりません わかりません
21. もう一度お願いします (もういちどおねがいします) Could you repeat that?
22. もっとゆっくり話して下さい (もっとゆっくりはなしてください) : Could you speak more slowly, please?
23. まあ : Well (as in “well, I think…”)
24. 本当に? (ほんとうに?) : Really?
25. 〜かもしれない。 : I guess that
26. 暑いですね! (あついですね!) : It’s hot. (talking about the weather)
27. 寒いですね! (さむいですね!): It’s cold. (talking about the weather)
Related Post:
Useful Japanese Phrase (Lessons 1–17)
Japanese Question Words
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