Japanese Particles Cheat Sheet for New Learners

Japanese Particles Cheat Sheet for New Learners
Learn Japanese for Beginners – particles.

Here are few examples of sentences you can refer to:

1. この　くすり　を　のんで　ください。→　please swallow this medicine.
2. いま　日本語（にほんご）を　かいています。→　I’m writing Japanese right now.
3. あなた　は　まえに　どこ　に　すんでいましたか？→　where did you used to live before?
4. わたし　は　ひこうき　で　いきました。　→　I (for a girl) went by airplane.
5. あなた　の　なまえ　は　なんですか？→　what is your name?
6. わたし　は　ケーキ　を　やくこと　が　できます。→　I (for a girl) can bake cakes.
7. わたし　は　くるま　を　うんてん　できる。　→ I(for a girl) can drive a car.
8. ちょっと　だけ　日本語　が　できる。→　i can do little bit of Japanese language.
9. きょう　日本語　を　べんきょう　します。→　I will study Japanese today.
10. きのう　日本語　を　べんきょう　しませんでした。→I did not study Japanese yesterday.

what did you notice?

The pink particles in the sentences are all seem to have a structure inst it? but when are those particles used?

As i mentioned in my previous post on japanese sentences, I explained the different pronunciation for “ha” and “wa” and “wo” and “o” the texts in pink represent these particles that connects the sentences together.

The particle は／が

• they indicate subjects that comes after them like is,am, are, etc.
• they are used after the subject mostly.
• は　indicates what comes after it.
• が　indicates what comes before it.
• example: わたし　は　吉岡　です。　I (particle) am Yoshioka.
• コーヒー　が　すき　です。   I like coffee.(particle) が.

The particle “o” を

• it indicates direct object in a sentence.
• it shows what the direct object is.
• example: コーヒー　を　のんでいます。drinking coffee.
• わたし　は　コーヒー　を　のんでいます。I am drinking coffee 🙂

The particle “ni” に

• it indicates what an action is directed to.
• also indicates destinations, places, time, position like in,with, when I.,where etc.
• example: よく　ともだち と  いっしょに　えいが　を　見に　いきます。I often go to watch movies with my friends.
• あなた　は　まえに　どこ　に　すんでいましたか？→　where did you used to live before?
• 6じ　に　がっこう　に　いきます。I will go to school at 6 O’clock.
• notice mostly they are used with movement/action called as verbs mostly with いきます（go)、かえります（come)、はいります(enter) 、のります(to ride)。

The particle “no” の

• it means “of” or used as an apostrophe
• example: あなた　の　なまえ　は　なんですか？→　what is your name?
• わたし　の　なまえ　は　吉岡（よしおか）　です。My name is Yoshioka.
• これ　は　田中さん　（たなかさん）の　くるま　です。This is Tanaka-san’s car.

The particle “de” で

• indicates through mean of/ by way of or used in place of “at”.
• indicates how and where is the action taking place.
• example: わたし　は　ひこうき　で　いきました。→　I (for a girl) went by airplane.
• わたし　は　にほん　で　うまれました。I was born in Japan. ( “in” is like “at” in Japanese)

Related Post:
20 Japanese verbs go with the particle (に) Ni
17 Most Common Japanese Particles